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Illinois is home to red and gray foxes. While red foxes are usually rusty red, their color can vary, but they always have a white-tipped tail.Gray foxes have black-tipped tails and can climb trees. Red foxes are larger, with longer legs and slit-shaped eyes. Both species are omnivores, eat rodents, and face few predators. Though similar, they belong to different genera. Red foxes are more common in northern Illinois, while gray foxes prefer southern forests.

Trees communicate underground using a fungal network called the mycorrhizal network. Through it, they share signals and nutrients with each other, warn of danger, and support young trees. Fungi benefit by receiving sugars from trees. Older “mother trees” help younger ones grow and even pass on nutrients when dying. This hidden network shows how forests quietly work together to thrive.

Goodenow Grove Nature Preserve offers scenic trails, great birding and the iconic big bridge on the Plum Creek Greenway Trail. A 2.34 mile round trip hike from the campground leads through forests and prairies with wildlife sightings along the way. The 267 foot bridge spans a 40 foot ravine and provides beautiful views. In winter, enjoy sledding, ice skating at Snapper Pond and indoor exhibits at Plum Creek Nature Center, which is open Wednesday through Sunday.

Barn owls have heart-shaped faces and ghostly white feathers and are skilled nocturnal hunters found in fields and barns. Known for their eerie screech, they rely on incredible hearing to locate prey. Unlike most owls, they nest in buildings and often stay year-round. As natural habitats shrink, people can help by building nest boxes if they live near open land and give the owls space and privacy.

Trumpeter swans are the largest waterfowl in the world, weighing up to 35 pounds with a wingspan over 6 feet. Named for their trumpet-like calls, they use sound and foot slaps to communicate. They need long “runways” to take flight and incubate eggs using their feet. Once nearly extinct, they’ve made a strong comeback thanks to conservation. Though no longer endangered, they face risks like habitat loss and collisions with power lines.

The polar vortex is a mass of cold, low-pressure air circling the poles. When it’s unstable, cold Arctic air can push south into places like Illinois, causing extreme cold. This happens when the polar jet stream weakens. Though the term gained recent popularity, it’s been around since 1853. The National Weather Service issues wind chill advisories at -25°F and warnings at -30°F, with wind chill showing how cold it feels by factoring in wind speed and air temperature.

Rock Run Preserve in Joliet offers a mix of nature and city life, making it great for quick or longer hikes. On a 2.63-mile winter walk, we spotted birds, deer, and animal tracks in snow, plus colorful lichen and sumac. Flat paved trails and short limestone paths make it family-friendly. Its location and variety of paths mean every visit can be a new experience. Be a Trailblazer and explore this accessible, scenic preserve.

Turtles may not talk or hug like humans, but they use body language to communicate. They stretch their necks, wave claws, blink, and even touch noses to show affection or dominance. Without vocal cords or ears, they rely on subtle movements and vibrations to express feelings. Some actions, like head bobbing or claw fluttering, can show interest, warning, or aggression. Watching closely, you might spot a silent turtle conversation.

Animal tracks can reveal who passed by and where they were going. Try a tracking game with a friend: one person makes a trail in snow or mud while the other follows it to find them. Add difficulty with multiple players and crossing tracks. Pay attention to track size and shoe type. Practice with people first, then try spotting real animal tracks in nature.

Thundersnow is rare thunder and lightning during a snowstorm. It needs instability, moisture, and a lifting mechanism in the atmosphere—similar to summer storms. It often happens near large bodies of water like the Great Lakes. Snow dampens sound, so thunder is quieter and harder to hear unless nearby. Thundersnow signals heavy snowfall and fast accumulation, often occurring when air temperatures are near freezing and pockets of warm air rise, creating an electrical charge.

Illinois is home to two weasel species: the long-tailed and least weasel. They are rarely seen but are fierce predators with long, slim bodies. Both change color in winter for camouflage and are active day and night. They hunt small animals, cache food, and leave behind paired tracks and twisted scat with bones or fur. Long-tailed weasels are more common and tolerant of humans, while least weasels are smaller and prefer quiet, open areas near water.

In the 1890s, the Clow family made lots of butter—over 2,000 pounds by 1880. Want to try it yourself? Shake heavy whipping cream in a sealed jar until it thickens and forms butter, leaving buttermilk behind. Cream has fat molecules suspended in liquid. Shaking smashes them together to form solid butter. Add seasonings and enjoy your homemade treat.

The plains pocket gopher is a hardworking, solitary digger that builds extensive tunnels underground, improving soil health by increasing aeration and water flow. Equipped with strong incisors, large claws, and cheek pouches, it efficiently digs, cleans, and stores food. Found in sandy soils, it eats underground plant parts and rarely surfaces. Its dirt mounds mark its presence, and its work helps support ecosystems and plant life across Illinois.

Mallards are the most common duck in North America. Males are colorful with green heads, while females are brown and mottled. Only females quack. Mallards are dabbling ducks, feeding at the water’s surface. Ducklings can swim hours after hatching and fly by 50 days. Some migrate, others don’t. They imprint early in life, but imprinting on humans can cause issues. Bread is unhealthy for them and can lead to deformities like angel wing. Their diet shifts seasonally.

Create a leaf skeleton to explore the hidden “skeleton” inside plants! Simmer sturdy leaves in water with Super Washing Soda, then gently brush away the soft parts to reveal the veins. This mimics how decomposers break down leaves in nature, leaving behind lacy structures. Let it dry flat, then use your leaf as a bookmark, suncatcher, or gift. It’s a fun way to learn how nature recycles and reveals its hidden beauty!

Needle ice forms when moist soil pushes water to the surface through capillary action, and the cold air freezes it into delicate ice columns. This happens when the ground is above freezing but the air is below 32°F. The right mix of moisture, soil texture, and temperature creates this rare sight. Look for it after a wet day followed by a freeze, especially on bare soil or trails. Listen for the crunch underfoot—you might find this magical ice up close.

Winter snow reveals signs of animal activity through fresh tracks. The best time to spot them is after a recent snowfall, especially overnight. Look in parks, yards, or along trails and observe the size, shape, and path of the prints. Clues may point to deer, squirrels, or ducks. Even without snow, tracks can be found in mud or dust. Following footprints and asking questions helps uncover which animals or people have passed through.

Southern flying squirrels glide using skin flaps called patagia and are active only at night. They live in mature forests across Illinois and are the smallest local tree squirrel. Omnivores, they eat nuts, fruit, fungi, insects, and even carrion. They nest in tree cavities, often in old woodpecker nests, and help forests by spreading seeds and eating pests. They breed twice a year and raise litters of 2–5 young.

A disease called white-nose syndrome, caused by the fungus P. destructans, is killing millions of hibernating bats in North America. It spreads in caves and causes abnormal behavior and death. While humans can’t catch it, we can spread the fungus. There’s no cure yet, but you can help by avoiding closed caves and reporting dead bats.

The Clow kids may have played with thaumatropes, 19th-century spinning toys that create optical illusions. You can make one with two drawings on circles of card stock, a straw or string, and some tape. When spun, the images appear to merge due to how our eyes retain images briefly. It’s a fun mix of art and science.