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Great horned owls are one of the eight owl species that live in Will County. They have plumicorns, or tufts of feathers, on their head resembling horns or ears. The ability to rotate their necks 270 degrees in either direction makes up for their inability to move their highly sensitive eyes in their sockets. Great horned owls can hear sounds as far as 10 miles away and are almost silent in flight due to their feathers and fringes. They have the most diverse diet of all raptor

Soil is made of minerals, organic material, air and water and is full of living organisms. It forms very slowly over time, shaped by climate, organisms, landscape, parent material, and time (CLORPT). Particles in dirt are categorized into three groups: clay, sand and silt. Soil varies in texture and color depending on its mineral content. In Illinois, the state soil is Drummer, rich in organic matter from decomposing prairie plants and is found on over 1.5 million acres.

More than 250 years ago, French fur traders and Potawatomi people in Illinois wore very different undergarments - or none at all. Potawatomi wore loincloths or simple skirts with no undergarments. French people wore linen shifts or shirts to absorb sweat and dirt, as they bathed less often. Wealthy individuals had many, others had few. Girls wore layers like petticoats and stays. Laundry was tough, sometimes using stale urine or scrubbing with soap and water!

North America is home to 17 woodpecker species, and seven live in Illinois. Woodpeckers hammer away to search for food, build nesting cavities, and to store their food supply. A woodpecker’s skull is designed to withstand repetitive pecking, and they have long tongues to help them reach for insects in tree bark. Unlike other songbirds, Woodpeckers have a zygodactyl toe that helps them climb and grab onto trees and other structures.

“Mangy mutt” may sound playful, but mange is a serious, contagious skin disease caused by direct contact with mites. It leads to hair loss, scabs, and severe discomfort in mammals like dogs, coyotes, and squirrels. Mange weakens animals, making them lethargic, depressed and susceptible to infections. It’s diagnosed via skin scraping examination and can be treated with medication, though severe cases may be fatal. Mites can also affect humans, causing scabies, which is treatab

Both beavers and muskrats are semi aquatic rodents that live in lodges with brown fur and long tails making them hard to tell apart in the water. They are not closely related but have evolved to have many shared behaviors and traits. The main differences between them are their size and tail shapes. Beavers are considerably larger and longer than muskrats and have flat, wide tails while a muskrat has a long, skinny tail covered in black hairs. Also, only beavers build dams whi

A mourning dove’s cooing can be heard in the early morning and throughout the day. They are diurnal ground seed eaters with grayish-brown feathers and black spots on their wings. Baby mourning doves rely on their mother’s crop milk, also known as pigeon milk, for a week before becoming about the size of an adult mourning dove and ready to leave the nest two weeks after hatching. Their ability to fly up to 55 mph allows them to escape from predators such as cooper’s hawks and

You can hear a woodpecker’s tattooing, or tapping, echo throughout the whole forest, especially from late winter through early spring. Woodpeckers will use more than just trees as their stage to make the most noise. The main reasons for tattooing include attracting mates, claiming territory (aggressive drumming), and to communicate with their partners. Woodpeckers peck away at trees for food and can find where insects are hiding based on sound.

The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) is the only canid in America that climbs trees. They use their front legs to grasp a tree trunk, then use their back legs to push themselves up. Gray foxes are opportunistic foragers and use their sharp senses of sight, smell and sound to find their food. Breeding season for the gray fox is February through March where three to five pups on average are born by mid-May. Pups are ready to mate even before they are 1 year old.

Owling is a fun winter adventure. In Will County, you might spot great horned, barred, barn or eastern screech owls. Dress warmly, stay quiet and be patient. Go out at dusk or night, leave flashlights off, and try your own yard or neighborhood. Don’t play owl calls or get too close—February is nesting season. Watch, listen and enjoy the stars while searching for these amazing birds.

Winter is a great time to birdwatch, especially for American goldfinches, which live in Illinois year-round. Males are bright yellow in summer but turn dull in winter. They are the only finch that molts twice a year. Their roller-coaster flight and “po-ta-to-chip” call make them easy to spot. Goldfinches mainly eat seeds, preferring sunflowers, thistles and asters. They nest late in summer to feed their young with seeds.

Wolf spiders are large and hairy but harmless! They don’t spin webs to catch prey. Instead, they chase it down. They have eight eyes in three rows and fang-like mouthparts called chelicerae. Females carry eggs in silk sacs, and babies ride on their backs after hatching until they can survive on their own. Found worldwide, wolf spiders eat insects and small spiders. Though they may bite if provoked, their bite isn’t dangerous to humans.

Being one of only two weasel species to live in Illinois, the least weasel measures at only 10 inches in length making them the smallest carnivores in the state. Least weasels are fierce predators that prefer open areas like prairies and farm fields and are mostly nocturnal. The size of their home depends on rodent population where fewer pray equates to larger homes. Their slender bodies are built to hunt in underground tunnels. Weasels must stay active and keep eating.

tailed deer stay warm in winter with thick fur and hollow guard hairs that trap warm air, like a natural blanket. They also stay dry with oils that repel moisture. Other animals, like birds, otters and beavers, use similar methods. These adaptations inspire winter gear like puffy coats and new wetsuit designs. To stay safe outside in winter, wear layers and stay dry Just like the animals do!

Snakes prepare for winter by finding a hibernaculum - a cozy spot that stays above freezing. Being cold-blooded, they can’t generate body heat, so they stop eating and try to find a warm enough spot – often underground below the frost line - to survive the cold. Sometimes, many snakes share one space, creating a "mating ball" in spring. You can build a backyard hibernaculum to support snakes and other wildlife!

The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) is common in Illinois. They can live in many different habitats but avoid grasslands and crops. It has white feet, a white undertail, and varies in fur color. Omnivorous and nocturnal, white-footed mice eat seeds, insects, and fungi. They are prey for many animals and can help spread fungal spores. These mice breed quickly and rarely enter homes. They host deer ticks but also aid Lyme disease research and indicate forest health.

You can easily tell a thirteen-lined ground squirrel apart from a chipmunk by looking at the length and number of stripes they have. Native to the United States, thirteen-lined ground squirrels have 13 stripes on their backs that alternate between dark and light brown and have a tail that is half the length of its body. They are diurnal omnivores and can hibernate for as long as eight months. They spend a lot of time underground and can be found in areas with short grass.

Beavers can hold their breath for up to 15 minutes—much longer than humans. Beavers are naturally adapted for their aquatic lifestyle. They slow their heart rate, redirect blood to vital organs, and have high levels of myoglobin, a protein that supplies oxygen for aquatic mammals to use while under water. This lets them stay submerged longer. Though impressive, elephant seals can hold their breath for much longer, staying underwater for up to two hours.

Fishing spiders do not spin webs and can walk on water thanks to surface tension and hunt using vibrations. They fish for prey like minnows and tadpoles and can also hunt insects on land. Fishing spiders can breathe underwater using air bubbles trapped by special hairs. Though large and venomous, they’re mostly harmless to humans. They use their powers to survive, not for fun!

Make a yarn turtle craft using three green-colored Popsicle sticks tied together in a snowflake shape. Wrap yarn around the center to form a mound, then continue winding yarn around each stick in a circle. Use 2 to 4 yarn colors for variety.